regions and religions, overall, the deterrent effect seems to affect women equally across all economic, demographic and social …The stagnancy of women's workforce participation in urban India is alarming and puzzling, considering the pace of … women can be explained by growing instances of officially reported crimes against women. We employ a fixed effects strategy …

Our study is motivated by two disturbing evidences concerning women in India. On one hand, crime against women is on … the rise while on the other, women's labor force participation rate (WLFPR) has been declining over the last three decades …. We estimate the extent to which the decline in WLFPR can be assigned to increasing instances of crime against women. We …