institutional biases against women from other constraints and hurdles that female businesses might face by exploiting detailed trade … controlling for other factors that affect female businesses uniformly across all markets. We provide evidence that gender … inequality and institutional biases against women in trade partner countries play an important role in explaining gender …

We examine the impact of the global recession triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic on women's versus men's employment … declines among women. We examine the causes behind this pattern using micro data from several national labor force surveys, and … show that both the composition of women's employment across industries and occupations as well as increased childcare needs …

status of women. Although historically globalization is not generally linked to the advancement of women, several recent … country studies find export led growth in middle and low income countries is associated with improvements in women … suggest the mechanisms by which it operates? Measures of wages for men and women are an unreliable basis for study of gender …