This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a widely used sanitation intervention, Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS … constraints faced by poorer households limit their ability to improve sanitation. We also examine the program's scale up process … that all of the sanitation and health benefits accrue from villages where resource agencies implemented the program, while …

the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). In June 2014, we reported the results of a survey of rural sanitation behaviour in north … coercion is correlated with variation in sanitation outcomes: in villages where more people report coercive SBM activities …