Covid-19 social distancing risk index (COV19R) is created based on skills descriptors that categorise jobs by their level of …-27 labour market (23% of total EU-27 employment) are faced with a very high risk of Covid-19 disruption and another 22 …% of the EU workforce - mostly medium- to lower-skilled service provision - is exposed to some significant risk. The burden …

parametric and non-parametric measures to capture expected wage risk. These wage risk measures are unfettered by heterogeneity … which handicapped the use of actual market wage dispersion as risk measure in earlier studies. Students in our sample … anticipate that the market provides compensation for risk, as has been established with Risk Augmented Mincer earnings equations …

variance of exam grades is higher and that starting wages are lower if the skew is higher: employers shift quality risk to new …

model with idiosyncratic labor income risk. In our model economy, even a moderate earnings testing reduces individuals …

uncertainty ; wage shocks ; risk sharing ; wage insurance …