This paper evaluates how Vietnam's Escuela Nueva (VNEN) program, an educational reform for primary schools supported by … small in the short-term, and that they are larger for boys, ethnic minorities, and students in Northern Vietnam. The VNEN …

Despite being the poorest or second poorest participant, Vietnam performed much better than all other developing … provide a rigorous investigation of Vietnam's strong performance. After making various parametric and non …-parametric corrections for potentially non-representative PISA samples, including bias due to Vietnam's large out-of-school population …