took place and trace back the development of wage labor within agriculture, industry and service sector. In particular, the …-industrial time the social organization of work occurred in various forms and that wage labor was rather a rare phenomenon in the … beginning of the 19th century. Hence, a widespread and functioning labor market cannot be identified at that time. Rudimentary …

-plant heterogeneity points to a local labor supply channel where particularly plants utilizing low-wage, female, blue-collar workers are … impacted. Consistent with a blue-collar labor supply shock, the results show a positive impact on average blue-collar wages and …