This paper considers education investment and public education subsidies in closed and open economies with an … extortionary government. The extortionary government in a closed economy has incentives to subsidize education in order to overcome … their education policies if highly productive labor is fully mobile. Extortionary governments' incentives for education …

Formal education is correlated with entrepreneurial activity and success, but correlation does not indicate causation …. Education and entrepreneurship are both influenced by other related factors. The current study estimates causal effects of … formal education on entrepreneurship outcomes by instrumenting for an individual's years of schooling using cohort mean years …

pandemic recession encouraged more young people to complete high school. The pandemic created extensive problems in education …