Scholars have been examining the relationship between fertility and unemployment for more than a century. Most studies … find that fertility falls with unemployment in the short run, but it is not known whether these negative effects persist … period 1975 to 2010, we analyze both the short and long-run effects of unemployment on fertility. We follow fixed cohorts of …

, fertility and children's living circumstances during 1990-2014. On average, trade shocks differentially reduce employment and … reduce marriage and fertility. Consistent with prominent sociological accounts, these shocks heighten male idleness and …

to August 2022 to examine the childbearing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although fertility rates declined in 2020 … reversal in declining U.S. fertility rates since 2007 and was most pronounced for first births and women under age 25, which …

Disability Insurance (SSDI) applicants and distinguishes it from the discouragement effect of receiving disability benefits … concentrated among applicants awarded benefits during their initial application. A one standard deviation (2.1 month) increase in …-run annual earnings by $178 (5.1%). Because applicants initially denied benefits spend on average more than 15 additional months …

.S. manufacturing employment. Transfer benefits payments for unemployment, disability, retirement, and healthcare also rise sharply in …

affecting different segments of the population. We show that the differential timing of smoking reductions among the rich and …