job creation, expansion and innovation activities for up to 40 months after business formation. Using self …, the higher they score on this index. Effects are particularly strong for growth oriented outcomes like innovation and … ambition, and necessity. We show that individuals driven by opportunity motives perform better in terms of innovation and …

well as growthoriented outcomes such as job creation and innovation. We find statistically significant and economically … stronger when focusing on the growth-oriented outcome of innovation. Furthermore, we observe that generalized self-efficacy is …