negative direct effect on mid-childhood and teenage outcomes. But as mothers' work hours increase, income will rise. We ask … whether income can compensate for the negative effect of hours by adopting a novel mediation analysis that exploits exogenous … variation in both mothers' hours and family income in pre-school years. As expected we find a negative direct effect of an …

importance of credit constraints in forming skills is examined. There is little support for the claim that untargeted income … will better capture the active role of the emerging autonomous child in learning and responding to the actions of parents …

Longitudinal Survey of Youths which we follow from 16 to 28. We discuss the evolution of family income and ability effects where … component correlated with family income and background variables. We find that the individual cognitive-technical ability … differential prevailing at 16 was increasing with income in the early 80's but much less so in the early 2000's. We find no …

emergence of differentials in abilities between children of advantaged families and children of disadvantaged families, (c) the …

disadvantaged African-American children and their children. The program improves outcomes of the first-generation treatment group … that have dominated popular discussions of early childhood programs. Children of the first-generation treatment group have … higher levels of education and employment, lower levels of criminal activity, and better health than children of the first …