analogy to medical treatments, the individual exposure to these tools may have side effects. We study effects on health using … outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. We find that training improves cardiovascular and mental health … sanctions cause a short-run deterioration of mental health, possibly due higher stress levels, but this tapers out quickly. …

on health later in life is based on pre-1940 birth cohorts. They were born in times where social safety nets were largely …-economic, biological and health data from over 75k individuals aged between 18 and 63. We conclude that women born in adverse economic …

We examine whether economic downturns are beneficial to health outcomes of newborn infants in developed countries. For … this we use merged population-wide registers on health and economic and demographic variables, including the national … dying within 28 days of birth by 10-15%. Effects are larger in low socio-economic status households. Health improvements …