The slave trades out of Africa represent one of the most significant forced migration experiences in history. In this paper I illustrate their long-term consequences. I first consider the influence of the slave trade on the "sending" countries in Africa, with attention to their economic,...

This paper develops a model in which the interaction of entrepreneurial investments and power of the owners of land or other natural resources determines structural change and economic development. A more equal distribution of natural resources promotes structural change and growth through two...

Fifty years ago, China sent more than 16 million urban youths aged 16-19 to rural villages to work and they spent between 1 and 10 years there. This is known as the "sent-down youth" (SDY) program. This paper examines how this internal migration impacted rural economic development in the regions...