persistence of transitory shocks and their implications for the persistence of poverty and income inequality. The results suggest … poor individuals stayed in poverty for two years on average. In East Germany, the contribution of the permanent component … to overall income inequality increased from 20 percent in 1990 to over 70 percent in 1998 and the persistence of poverty …

experienced an unprecedented rise in net equivalized income inequality and poverty. At the same time, unemployment rose to record … inequality in employment outcomes, as well as of idiosyncratic changes such as tax reforms. -- income inequality ; poverty …