The effect of foreign labor on native employment within an occupation depends on native labor supply to that occupation … implies that the effect of migrant labor supply on native employment is close to zero within this occupation, and may be …

development level rises. For instance, the negative effects of the refugee shock on employment and labor force participation of … refugees on employment of men is negative for the least developed regions, it is positive for highly developed regions. Our …

. Despite the massive size of the migrant influx, no adverse effects on the average wages of men or women or on total employment … of men are observed. For women, however, total employment falls - which results mainly from the elimination of part … effects on complementary workers in the formal sector. We estimate about one-to-one replacement in employment for native men …

native-refugee gap in men's employment in Turkey (in favor of natives) is much smaller than that reported for most developed … countries. Moreover, men's employment peaks quite early (one year) after arrival and remains there, whereas women's employment … native-refugee gap in men's (women's) paid employment reduces to 4.7 (4.0) percentage points (pp). These small gaps conceal …