Scholars have been examining the relationship between fertility and unemployment for more than a century. Most studies … find that fertility falls with unemployment in the short run, but it is not known whether these negative effects persist … period 1975 to 2010, we analyze both the short and long-run effects of unemployment on fertility. We follow fixed cohorts of …

to August 2022 to examine the childbearing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although fertility rates declined in 2020 … reversal in declining U.S. fertility rates since 2007 and was most pronounced for first births and women under age 25, which …

affecting different segments of the population. We show that the differential timing of smoking reductions among the rich and …

This paper monetizes the life-cycle intragenerational and intergenerational benefits of the Perry Preschool Project, a … participants and their children generate substantial benefits. Access to life-cycle data enables us to evaluate the accuracy of … widely used schemes to forecast life-cycle benefits from early-life test scores, which we find wanting. …

impacts of the program on promoting or alleviating population differences in outcomes by gender. For many outcomes, boys …

relying on forecasts. Adult outcomes on the participants' children and siblings allow us to quantify spillover benefits. The … program generates a benefit-cost ratio of 6.0 (p-value = 0.03). Spillover benefits increase this ratio to 7.5 (p-value = 0.00). …