for migrants. By 1990, the effect of sugar is replaced by that of slavery and the black share, consistent with the spread …We empirically assess the effect of historical slavery on the African American family structure. Our hypothesis is that … female single headship among blacks is more likely to emerge in association not with slavery per se, but with slavery in …

determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial … gap. The excludability of slavery is preliminarily established by instrumenting it with the share of disembarked slaves … initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. -- race ; inequality …

We investigate the impact of slavery on the current performances of the US economy. Over a cross section of counties …, we find that the legacy of slavery does not affect current income per capita, but does affect current income inequality …. Moreover, we find that the impact of slavery on current income inequality is determined by racial inequality. We test three …

, neighbors) and their attachments to their culture of origin (religion, language), and in which jobs are mainly found through …" identities since some individuals may identify with the dominant culture and others may reject that culture, even if it implies …

the dominant culture and others may reject that culture. The aim of this paper is to investigate this issue by empirically … that the social environment of individuals and attachments to culture of origin has a strong association with identity …