Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification … employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger … increase of solo self-employment and of self-employment in former socialist East Germany. …

Based on representative micro data for Germany, we compare the incomes of self-employed with those of wage workers. Our …

entrepreneurs as compared to paid employees and particularly retirees in Germany. The analysis identifies income and health status …