income for example), many of the pathways through which these outcomes are transmitted are not as well understood. We address … and unique dataset of university students. While large socio-economic differences in academic performance exist at the … differences across socio-economic backgrounds in university grade attainment for female students is explained by intermediating …

particularly concerned with the extent to which their finding that income effects on child health are the result of spurious … estimates of the effect of parental education will be biased upwards. Moreover, it is very common for parental income data to be … grouped, in which case income is measured with error and the coefficient on income will be biased towards zero and there are …

leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in permanent income, parental education levels, and shocks to income at this age … effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included …. Moreover, decomposing the income when the child is 16 between a permanent component and shocks to income at age 16 only the …

to a greater extent than they determine additional study. Finally, we show that family income and financial transfers … (from both parents and the state) do not determine any educational input. This study suggests that non-cognitive abilities …

State merit aid programs have been found to reduce the likelihood that students attend college out-of-state. Using the …