versus snapshot parental income measures. The most predictive ages of children when family resources are measured vary by the … participation in crime. Parental financial resources partially offset deficiencies in nonpecuniary inputs to children's human …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

restricted to students in initial education following university studies and preparing an Associate, a Bachelor or a Master … probability of continuing studies. -- post-secondary educational attainment ; students’ labor supply ; bivariate Probit models …

importance of credit constraints in forming skills is examined. There is little support for the claim that untargeted income … will better capture the active role of the emerging autonomous child in learning and responding to the actions of parents …

This paper studies the causal effect of parental death on children's mental health. Combining several nationwide … children. …