. -- multinational firms ; outsourcing ; intra-firm trade ; offshoring ; vertical FDI …

This paper studies the impact of outsourcing on individual wages in three European countries with markedly different … and construct comparable measures of outsourcing at the industry level, distinguishing outsourcing by broad region …. Estimating the same specification on different data show that there are some interesting differences in the effect of outsourcing …

organizational decision is driven by two countervailing effects: the ownership rights effect favors outsourcing, while the "indirect … outsourcing of the "less important" supplier is chosen in equilibrium. We also consider an open economy setup where the producer … decides whether to offshore inputs. -- multinational firms ; outsourcing ; intra-firm trade ; property rights approach …

In this paper we survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wage, employment and … displacement. We start with an overview of the measurement of offshoring, organizing our discussion around the three key elements … of offshoring: that it involves intermediate inputs for production (vs. final goods for consumption); that it involves …

We use Danish firm-level data to examine the causal link between carbon emissions, offshoring, and import competition …. Offshoring reduces firms' emission intensity but increases their production. Import competition reduces firms' production without … affecting their emission intensity. For Denmark, these effects imply that observed offshoring trends reduced the overall …

factor. Offshoring jobs abroad may change the composition of domestic firms and employment and thus reduce union density … workers and firms in Denmark (1999-2017), which allows us to measure the exogenous threat of offshoring at the firm-level and … the unionization decisions of individual workers. The findings show that the threat of offshoring reduces unionization …

This paper studies the impact of outsourcing on individual wages. In contrast to the standard approach in the … literature, we focus on domestic outsourcing as well as foreign outsourcing. By using a simple theoretical model, we argue that …, if outsourcing is associated with specialization gains arising from an increase in the division of labor, domestic …