Formal education is widely thought to be a major determinant of individual earnings. This paper uses the American … Community Survey to examine the effect of formal schooling on worker wages. Given the potential endogeneity of education …

Formal education is correlated with entrepreneurial activity and success, but correlation does not indicate causation …. Education and entrepreneurship are both influenced by other related factors. The current study estimates causal effects of … formal education on entrepreneurship outcomes by instrumenting for an individual's years of schooling using cohort mean years …

pandemic recession encouraged more young people to complete high school. The pandemic created extensive problems in education …