study the effect of naturalization on labor market outcomes of immigrants in Germany. We apply recent survey data and … exploit a reform of naturalization rules in an instrumental variable estimation. In our sample of recent immigrants, linear … endogeneity of naturalization most coefficients decline in magnitude and lose statistical significance: male immigrants' labor …

declined. We observe a large relative increase in transitions from employment to welfare. Immigrants' responsiveness to the …

those individuals with the highest remaining earnings potential are least affected by the health shock. Welfare state …