productivity - hold for knowledge intensive services. Combining the models of Crepon et al. (1998) and of Ackerberg et al. (2015 …), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge … productivity. Moreover, the firm size advantage found for manufacturing in previous studies nearly disappears for knowledge …

In Germany, the productivity of professional services, a sector dominated by micro and small firms, declined by 40 … percent between 1995 and 2014. This productivity decline also holds true for professional services in other European countries … increase in part-time employment is a further minor part of the decline. In contrast to expectations, the entry of micro and …