variation provided by school reforms increasing compulsory education and minimum school leaving age. If these reforms are … correlated to changes in school quality, and school quality is an omitted variable, this identification strategy may fail. We …

implementation of these standards increases scoring differences between the two school types by about 25 percent. …

end of secondary school. We provide empirical evidence of self-productivity of skills and of complementarity between … secondary school inputs and skills at the end of primary school. Our inference relies on idiosyncratic variation in school … ability is 0.221 and the return to school expenditure is three times higher for students at the top of the past attainment …

We examine the educational production function and efficiency of public school districts in Illinois. Using … in school districts. Moreover, the level of test scores, commonly used as a measure of school effectiveness, (while … related) differs substantially from our efficiency scores, and standard parametric approaches drastically underestimate school …

exclusion of poorly performing pupils. In England there were two phases of academy school introduction, the first in the 2000s … being a school improvement programme for poorly performing schools, the second a mass academisation programme from 2010 for …

student performance of institutions such as central examinations, centralization versus school autonomy, teachers' influence …

European school systems. Family background has strong effects both in Europe and the United States, remarkably similar in size …

Private school students do not always perform better in standardized tests. We suggest that this may be explained by … differences between private and state school regarding organizational features that are differently suitable for students with …