This paper explores how value-chain governance affects the innovation performance of suppliers of intermediate products … is more conducive to innovation for suppliers, especially when these firms have medium capability levels. Conversely … intermediates and innovation performance, which indicates that technology-gap is an important mediator of learning within value …

), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge … intensive services benefit from innovation activities in the sense that these activities causally increase their labor …

characteristics, for five samples (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain), with data being drawn from the European Community …

marginal value of being an entrepreneur as a function of wealth. Countries with high start-up costs such as Italy, Spain and …

contributions to welfare for a set of European OECD countries (Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain), using industry …

, Italy and Spain). To highlight some results, we find a positive short-run effect for GDP and life expectancy on subjective … go back at least 200 years further using our methods. We analyse data for six countries (the USA, UK, Germany, France …

, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK; 3) a neutral role - Denmark and Italy; and 4) a negative impact …