individual commitment across citizens to defend democracy against a potential military coup, and it is an endogenous state … and the state. Parents invest resources in order to transmit their own political values (commitment to democracy) to their … between political regimes and political culture diffusion. Consolidated democracy emerges when sufficiently many people are …

and surveys, we show that individuals with longer exposure to democracy display stronger support for democratic … institutions. We bolster these baseline findings using an instrumental-variables strategy exploiting regional democratization waves … and focusing on immigrants' exposure to democracy before migration. In all cases, the timing and nature of the effects are …

We provide evidence that a history of democracy at the local level is associated with contemporary democracy at the … national level. Auxiliary estimates show that a tradition of local democracy is also associated with attitudes that favor … democracy, with better quality institutions, and higher level of economic development. -- democracy ; historical persistence …

Using a new set of micro evidence from an original survey of 28 transition countries, we show that democracy increases … reformist parties in the former socialist block lies in a deepening of democracy. -- Democracy ; income inequality …