This paper emphasizes that the evolution of religious institutions in Europe was influenced by the expansionary threat … the first half of the 16th century with the Ottoman Empire's territorial expansion in Eastern Europe. Various historical … rivals of a different affiliation. The overall patterns of conflict in continental Europe as well as those between the …

migrations. Here I focus on the period 1850 to 1940 and chiefly on migration from Europe to the New World. The survey is …

importance of real-world events coupled with a desire for rigor and relevance, the critical influence of teachers, the necessity …

Western Europe. Finally, cross-country analyses seek to understand the broader determinants of religious practice and its … various effects across the world. We highlight three general insights that emerge from this literature. First, the …

standards in economics around the world been reflected in research performance? How have individual countries fared? Do research … of research in economics. Our findings indicate that Europe is catching up with the US but, in terms of influential …, attained predominantly through international collaborations. -- Research performance ; publications ; rankings ; Europe ; North …

systems ; Europe ; Great Recession …

In Europe differences among countries in the overall change in happiness since the early 1980s have been due chiefly to …