fertility, both desired and realized, as a central pathway through which the relationship has been historically theorized and … independently from fertility decline. Finally, we assess the state and quality of evidence of these relationships and propose …

We analyse various pathways through which access to electricity affects fertility, using a pseudo-panel of Indonesian … results suggest that the subsequent effects on fertility account for about 18 to 24 percent of the overall decline in the … fertility rate, depending on the specification. A key channel through which electrification affects fertility is increased …

Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited …

We test the inverseness of fertility and labor supply for married women in Ethiopia to determine if previous research … (focusing on developed countries) that has found an inverse relationship between fertility and labor supply is applicable to … least developed countries. The research into fertility and labor supply has relied on a variety of methodologies for …

Population policies are defined here as voluntary programs which help people control their fertility and expect to … improve their lives. There are few studies of the long-run effects of policy-induced changes in fertility on the welfare of … contraception or age-specific fertility. The dearth of long-run family planning experiments has led economists to consider …

decline on demographic and economic growth by a family-optimization model, in which fertility is endogenous and wealth yields … population growth, but the desire of status hampers fertility and prevents capital-diluting demographic expansion. If status …

larger families than women do. Within countries, we find wide dispersion in spouses' desired fertility: there are many … to which women are empowered should matter for fertility choices. We point to evidence at both the macro and micro levels … of fertility is an important challenge for research. …