trusting attitude than West Germans. This suggests a negative effect of communism in East Germany versus democracy in West … Germany on social and institutional trust. However, the experience of democracy by East Germans since reunification did not …

results of labour markets in eastern and western Germany have become quite similar in some respects but still differ markedly …

exploiting the reorganization of the school system in East Germany after reunification. Our identification strategy utilizes …

East and West Germany were far from being randomly selected treatment and control groups. First, the later border is … occupying forces affected East and West differently. Third, a selective fifth of the population fled from East to West Germany …

Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the GDR's gender-equal institutions created … a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still … differs from West Germany not only by a higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can …

We investigate the wage assimilation of East Germans who migrated to West Germany after reunification (1990-1999). We … to West Germany who arrived at the same time. The analysis uses administrative as well as survey data. The results … suggest that East Germans faced significant initial earnings disadvantages in West Germany, even conditional on age and …

After the German Reunification in 1990, East Germany transitioned from a centrally planned economic system to a market …-level analysis of East Germany between 1991 and 2002. Our identification strategy is based on a decentralized expansion of courses … average. Yet, in counties neighboring West Germany, we find that courses reduced unemployment. Low labor demand may have …

explaining mortality crises and their relevance for the case of East Germany. Based on individual-level panel data the …