unions are remarkable: unions in the workplace significantly improve productivity but reduce enterprise profitability …

Germany, this paper presents the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between exports and profitability. It … documents that the positive profitability differential of exporters compared to non-exporters is statistically significant …. Instead, we use a newly developed continuous treatment approach and show that exporting improves the profitability almost over …

activities towards innovation. We also find that international services outsourcing has a positive effect on profitability, as …

manage to survive submit to market powers and increase their female workforce over time. -- Firm survival ; profitability …

and gender) and its performance (productivity and profitability) for a large representative sample of enterprises from …' profitability, which is consistent with deferred compensation considerations. Moreover, our analysis reveals for the first time that … with a lower level of profitability in these firms. If anything, profitability is (slightly) higher in firms with a larger …

This paper documents for the first time the relationship between profitability and three types of international trade … ; profitability …