reduce inequality. We study the local and aggregate effects of collective bargaining in Italy and Germany. The two countries … West more productive than the East in Germany - but have adopted different models of wage bargaining. Italy sets wages … based on nationwide contracts that allow for limited local wage adjustments, while Germany has moved toward a more flexible …

We estimate the effects of the introduction and subsequent increases of a substantial minimum wage in Germany's main … rate for East Germany but did not have a significant impact on the West German equivalent. The estimated effect on the …

Like many other countries, Germany has experienced rapid population and workforce ageing, yet with substantial …

Services of Germany (Bundesagentur für Arbeit) over the period 1980-2004. We find that the wage equation is highly …

In 1997 GDP per capita in East Germany was 57% of that of West Germany, wage rates were 75% of western levels, and the … bring convergence, labor flows would respond, enhancing overall efficiency. Yet net emigration from East Germany has fallen … from high levels in 1989-1990 to close to zero. Using statelevel data for all of Germany, available from 1991-1996, I am …

firm formation exhibit hysteresis, such that shocks, including those induced by temporary policy interventions, have … deterministic breaks. We also present results for the different Spanish regions and industrial sectors. We find that hysteresis is …