raising the extensive margin of processing exports in China for the period of 1997-2007. …

Over the last decade, the internal and external macroeconomic imbalances in China have risen to unprecedented levels …. In 2008, China's national savings rate soared to over 53 percent of its GDP, whereas its current account surplus exceeded …, the accession of China to the World Trade Organization has dramatically amplified the effects of these structural …

This paper exploits a quasi-natural experiment – the U.S. granting of Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) to China … after China's accession to the World Trade Organization – to examine whether trade liberalization affects the incidence of … child labor in China. PNTR permanently set U.S. duties on Chinese imports at low Normal Trade Relations (NTR) levels and …