Despite millions of war widows worldwide, little is known about the economic consequences of being widowed by war. We … use life history data from West Germany to show that war widowhood increased women's employment immediately after World … War II but led to lower employment rates later in life. War widows, therefore, carried a double burden of employment and …

Between mid-1939 and mid-1943 almost 2.2 million additional women were recruited into Britain's essential war … employment were compulsorily directed into jobs and industries that were vital to the war effort. There were also many woman … cohorts who were not eligible for war work. This bestowed on them subsequent labour market advantages that would otherwise not …

eventually, food rationing, that were introduced in Britain during the First World War. At the end of the War the Sumner …'s recommended intakes. -- First World War ; Britain ; food controls ; food consumption ; nutrition …

the start of the war with those who responded shortly after the conflict began and applying difference-in-differences (DiD …) models over time, we find a significant decline in the outcome after the war started. These findings provide new evidence on … how armed conflicts influence social trust and well-being among young people in a country not directly involved in the war. …

terrorism has a particularly negative impact on the integration of the highly educated, employed, and less religious Muslims …