likely to use fiscal zoning to attract retailing. We find that total retail employment is not significantly affected by local … sales tax rates, but employment in big box and anchor stores is higher significantly in jurisdictions with higher sales tax … stores and shopping centers. We also find that the effect of local sales taxes on big box and anchor store retail employment …

universe of manufacturing firms inherited from the Soviet Union. Employment growth displays substantial increase in …

effects of CA-PFL. Rights to paid leave are also associated with higher work and employment probabilities for mothers nine to …

care for a spouse has not been studied widely. We examine the effects of California's law on the employment of workers who … the paid leave program increased the employment of 45-64 year old women with a disabled spouse in California by around 0 …, with a 2.9 percentage point rise in private sector employment. The employment of men with a disabled spouse in California …

This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affected female employment in Japan. Our estimates indicate that the … employment rate of married women with children decreased by 4 percentage points, while that of those without children decreased …' employment. Further, mothers who left or lost their jobs appear to have dropped out of the labor force even several months after …

COVID-19 substantially decreased employment, but the effects vary among demographic and socioeconomic groups. We … document the employment losses in April 2020 across various groups using the U.S. Current Population Survey. The unemployment … rate understates employment losses. We focus on the percentage of the civilian population that is employed and at work …

(employment), unpaid work (time spent on domestic work) and incomes, this paper examines the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on …, April 2020, saw a large contraction in employment for both men and women, where more men lost jobs in absolute terms …. Employment has recovered by August 2020 for men. However, for women, the likelihood of being employed is 9.5 percentage points …

We examine whether the COVID-19 crisis affects women and men differently in terms of employment, working hours and … as others, irrespective of gender and spousal employment. Third, single-parent essential workers experience relatively …

We examine effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment losses across metropolitan area status and population size …. Non-metropolitan and metropolitan areas of all sizes experienced significant employment losses, but the impacts are much … larger in large metropolitan areas. Employment losses manifest as increased unemployment, labor force withdrawal, and …

The effect of foreign labor on native employment within an occupation depends on native labor supply to that occupation … – which is rarely directly measured – even if native and foreign labor are perfect substitutes in production. This paper uses … implies that the effect of migrant labor supply on native employment is close to zero within this occupation, and may be …