flexible and non-flexible jobs. Estimation results show that more than one third of women place positive value to flexibility …, with women with a college degree valuing flexibility more than women with a high school degree. Counterfactual experiments …

prime-age labor incomes of both men and women. Income persistence involving women (daughters and/or mothers) has risen … timing in women's spike in labor force attachment. Parental assortative mating is also an important factor in both countries …

Historical, longitudinal data are used to track the earnings of cohorts of immigrant and U.S.-born women over time. The …

This paper analyzes the occupational status and distribution of free women in the antebellum United States. It … among women by nativity, urbanization, and region of the country. While foreign-born and illiterate women were more likely … greater the slave-intensity of the county, the less likely were free women to report having an occupation, particularly as …

Estimated labor force participation rates among free women in the pre-Civil War period were exceedingly low. This is … due, in part, to cultural or societal expectations of the role of women and the lack of thorough enumeration by Census … takers. This paper develops an augmented labor force participation rate for free women in 1860 and compares it with the …

Rates of labor force participation in the US in the second half of the nineteenth century among free women were … exceedingly (and implausibly) low, about 11 percent. This is due, in part, to social perceptions of working women, cultural and … an augmented free female labor force participation rate for 1860. It is calculated by identifying free women (age 16 and …

the role of opportunities separately from that of preferences. We find that both women and men equally value physical …