In this paper, we study whether Swiss employers substitute between training apprentices and hiring cross-border workers …. Because both training apprentices and hiring skilled workers are costly for firms, we hypothesize that (easier) access to … therefore its possibility to fall back on cross-border workers to satisfy its labor demand. We find that both OLS and 2SLS …

subsidies, but mostly by retaining a high share of apprentices as skilled workers, and thereby save on future hiring costs. …

net costs of training apprentices are substantial in Germany, whereas apprenticeship training is on average profitable … as wages, apprenticeship system-related factors and allocation of tasks to apprentices on the cost-benefit ratio using … between the two countries can be explained by a higher share of productive tasks allocated to apprentices in Switzerland and …

In this paper, we investigate the effects of works councils on apprenticeship training in Germany. The German law …

exploits a discontinuity in the minimum wage received by apprentices in the United Kingdom to examine this question. Workers …

downturns, is relatively scarce. The bottom line of this literature is that ratio of apprentices to employees tends to be … least in England). When broader measures of training are considered, which exclude apprentices, the weight of the evidence …

apprenticeship training. Our empirical analysis draws on four waves of firm surveys conducted in Germany and Switzerland that include …

the wage effects of mobility among graduates from apprenticeship in Germany. Our instrumental variables approach exploits …