more R&D personnel. We test this hypothesis against a natural experiment that took place in 1995 when the U.S. patent law …

emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U … sectoral patenting trends, we find that U.S. patent production declines in sectors facing greater import competition. This …

We study the evolution of patenting in China from 1985-2019. We use a Large Language Model to measure patent importance … based on patent abstracts and classify patent ownership using a comprehensive business registry. We highlight four insights …. First, average patent importance declined from 2000-2010 but has increased more recently. Second, private Chinese firms …

immigrants patent at double the native rate, and that this is entirely accounted for by their disproportionately holding degrees …

scarcely more likely to patent than women without. Differences among those without a science or engineering degree account for …

This paper examines the effects of foreign- and native-born STEM graduates and non-STEM graduates on patent intensity … area patent intensity, but college graduates in non-STEM fields have a smaller and statistically insignificant effect on …