federalist government can be separately estimated and can also be distinguished from common time effects. Both local and state … elections result in pre-election manipulation of the local finances of moderate size. Before both types of elections, we observe …

percentage points as the time of the next election becomes closer by one year, and sharecropping is preferred to a fixed … agricultural tenancy contracts to villagers-cum-voters as an incumbent re-election strategy. Based on a household survey fielded in …-rental contract as the election approaches. The empirical results are statistically significant and remain largely unchanged against a …

We estimate the impact of Kenya's post-election crisis on individual risk preferences. The crisis interrupted a … by the time of the survey. We measure individual risk preferences using hypothetical lottery choice questions which we … validate by showing that they predict migration and entrepreneurship in the cross-section. Our results indicate that the post-election …

We investigate the relationship between the time politicians stay in office and the functioning of public procurement … that the winning firm is local, increases with time in office. These results are compatible with the predictions of a model … of favoritism in repeated procurement auctions, where time reveals collusive types, thus increasing the value of illegal …

inspections. We also show that around election years, teachers spend more time on "non-teaching" activities. The political cycles …Primary education in India is a development question of a unique magnitude, and the delivery of education by Indian …

The Punjab Insurgency in India (1978-1993) took the lives of over 20,000 people. Yet, there has been little research on …

allocation of funds for India's largest social protection programme, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in … the state of West Bengal in India, and whether incumbent local governments (village councils) gain electorally in the …

election results in India. We combine data on riots, which have been geo-coded, with electoral data on state legislature … societies. Religious riots have claimed more than 14,000 lives in India since 1950. We study the effect of Hindu-Muslim riots on … states in India over a 21 year period from 1981-2001. We suggest a new instrument that draws upon the random variation in the …

time as citizens observe the actual program benefits. This paper analyzes the election impacts of the largest public … dynamic effects of these initiatives on governments' election performance remain poorly understood. Especially in contexts …

crime in India. We exploit the quasi-random variation in the outcome of close elections between candidates with and without …