13 to 12 years without changing the graduation requirements. In this paper, we use nationwide data on high school …. The results show that enrollment in university education in the first year after high school graduation is reduced in all …

The central vs. local nature of high-school exit exam systems can have important repercussions on the labor market. By … high-school grades is indeed 6 percent when obtained on central exams but less than 2 percent when obtained on local exams …

causal effect of class size on school tracking outcomes after elementary school. Our identification strategy relies on the … quasi-random assignment of students to different class sizes based on maximum class size rules. In Germany, students are … tracked into more or less academic middle school types at about age ten based, to a large extent, on academic achievement in …

Without a school degree, students can have difficulty in the labor market. To improve the lives of upper …-secondary school dropouts, German states instituted a school reform that awarded an interim degree to high-track students upon … completion of Grade 9. Using retrospective spell data on school and labor market careers from the National Educational Panel …

outcomes. The UK, Sweden, Canada and the US obtain the highest management scores closely followed by Germany, with a gap to …

centralized systems (Italy and Germany) lagging behind the more autonomous ones (Canada, Sweden, the UK, the US). For Italy, we … are able to match organizational practices at the school level with students' outcomes in a math standardized test. We …

-intact family in Germany is associated with worse outcomes in models that do not control for possible correlations between common …