by a multi-level system of bargaining: Belgium, Denmark and Spain. Our findings show that, compared to multi … in Belgium and Denmark, single-employer bargaining is used to adapt pay to the specific needs of the firm while, in Spain …-employer bargaining, single-employer bargaining has a positive effect both on wage levels and on wage dispersion in Belgium and in Denmark …

often pay a wage premium (or wage cushion) to individual workers. We use administrative data from Portugal, linked to …

This paper provides the first definitive estimates of union density in Portugal, 2010-2012, using a unique dataset. The …

sector for a sample of five European economies: Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy and Spain. Using different methods, we …

penalty for male workers in six European countries (i.e. Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the UK). Findings show … that the raw gap in hourly gross pay amounts to 16 per cent of male part-timer’s wage in Spain, to 24 per cent in Belgium …, to 28 per cent in Denmark and Italy, to 67 per cent in the UK and to 149 per cent in Ireland. Human capital differences …

countries (namely Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Spain compared with Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech … countries. It is relatively small in Norway and Belgium, large in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland and the Czech Republic …, and very large in Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia. Our findings support the hypothesis of a negative relationship …

authors of this paper use unique linked employer-employee data from a 2003 survey in Belgium to examine how these bargaining …