This paper presents several arguments for applying a relative poverty line to urban China. For example between 2002 and … Income Project indicate that while, assessed against an absolute poverty line, poverty among Chinese urban residents was … already fairly low in 2007, increasing proportions fell under a relative poverty line from 1988 to 2007. Thus income growth in …

recent economic research on the welfare state and anti-poverty policy in rich countries, and explore their implications. We … begin with the conceptualisation and measurement of poverty, before sketching out some core features and approaches to the … welfare state and anti-poverty policies. We then focus on the central plank of the modern welfare state's efforts to address …

the international poverty line. In order to preserve the integrity of the goalposts for international targets such as the … Sustainable Development Goals and the World Bank's twin goals, the new poverty line was chosen so as to preserve the definition … designed to preserve real purchasing power in poor countries, the revisions lead to relatively small changes in global poverty …

), analysts and institutions are confronted with the question of whether and how to use them for global poverty estimation. The … world. This paper presents evidence that if the global poverty line is updated with the 2011 PPP data based on the same set … of national poverty lines that define the $1.25 line in 2005 PPPs, and if the 2011 PPP conversion factors are used …

tax schemes that alleviate poverty. To avoid conflict with individual well-being, we require redistribution to take place … between agents on both sides of the poverty line provided they have the same labor time. This requirement is combined with … yields the following evaluation criterion: tax schemes should minimize the labor time required to reach the poverty line. We …

We examine vulnerability to poverty in Tajikistan during the global financial crisis, focusing on the roles played by … to estimate a Markov transition probability matrix with the aim of identifying the vulnerability of households to poverty …. Importantly, by introducing the index of vulnerability as the weighted probability of a household falling into poverty over a …

This paper evaluates the global welfare consequences of increases in mortality and poverty generated by the Covid-19 … years spent in poverty (PY) are conservatively estimated using growth estimates for 2020 and two dierent scenarios for its … 2020, the pandemic (and the observed private and policy responses) has generated at least 68 million additional poverty …

fairness principles, namely equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty, into a joint measure of unfair inequality. Two … inequality. Second, average unfair inequality doubles when complementing the ideal of an equal opportunity society with poverty …

poverty is associated with reduced university aspirations from the perspective of the youth and their mother. Further, poverty … depth matters less than incidence. In terms of magnitude, poverty contributes to about 10-15 percent of the observed … findings. Results therefore suggest that alleviating child poverty and easing post-secondary financial barriers among the poor …

A decline in poverty generally masks regional disparities that are due to varying efficiency among states. Using a … reduce poverty and its determinants in Bolivia. Our findings reveal that states differ in terms of efficiency, with some … recalibration. We find that when the macroeconomic conditions in Bolivia allow for a 10 percent reduction in the poverty rate …