We introduce three variations of the Hirshleifer-Skaperdas conflict game to study experimentally the effects of post-conflict … altogether, often after substantial initial conflict. To attain peace, players must first engage in costly signaling by making …

theoretical predictions. -- democratization ; oligarchy ; conflict ; consensual democracy ; inequality ; commitment …We study the process of endogenous democratization from inefficient oligarchic systems in an economy where … the conditions under which democratization initially takes place. The political regime and the extent of redistribution …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

(consensual crowding out). And finally, the more a government supports democratization, the lower is the individual's engagement … consensus ; democratization …

reached, and whether, conversely, democratization is likely to be an obstacle to the acceptation of market liberalization. Our …

appear to have a particularly important impact on the timing of democratic change. -- Economic growth ; democratization …