The persistence of U.S. unemployment has risen with each of the last three recessions, raising the specter that future … shocks do not systematically lead to more persistent unemployment than monetary policy shocks, so these cannot explain the … rising persistence of unemployment. Second, monetary and fiscal policies can account for only part of the evolving …

unemployment of an enterprise zone policy implemented in France in the 1990s. …

' relative position persists: those with the highest unemployment rates in 1996 were also in the worse position in 2012. To … reacts to regional employment shocks in a variety of cases. Shock responses are channelled via changes in unemployment …, unemployment and spatial mobility become the central ones in recession. We also provide evidence of real wage rigidities in both …

unemployment in unprecedented detail. We document a strong and persistent rise in segregation between workers and the unemployed … less even with respect to the distribution of unemployment. Regarding centrality, we demonstrate that local unemployment … unevenness and concentration of unemployment in the center, but find little affirmative evidence. Instead, the strong overall …

offset by widespread poverty and lack of unemployment insurance, leading to overall faster transitions in low income …