call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …

In this paper, we describe the historical co-evolution of innovation and economic growth in Germany since 1871. The … country's rise as an industrial power in the late 19th century, through its innovation and entrepreneurial performance, is … nevertheless a period during which innovation went into relative decline. We document this decline and offer four broad …

This paper explores the employment impact of innovation activity, taking into account both R&D expenditures and …-2010. The main outcome from the proposed fixed effect estimations is a labor-friendly nature of total innovation expenditures … ETC is included as a proxy for innovation activities. Moreover, the positive employment impacts of innovation activities …

We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the … migrants' receiving countries. We find that countries are 25 to 50 percent more likely to gain advantage in patenting in … home countries which translate into higher patenting. We complement our results with micro-evidence showing that migrant …

We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the … migrants' receiving countries. We find that countries are 25 to 60 percent more likely to gain advantage in patenting in … home countries, which translates into higher patenting in the receiving countries. We interpret these results as tangible …

Technological innovation has historically contributed to inclusive economic growth in Germany. In more recent decades …, however, this contribution has weakened due to the declining impact of technological innovation on labor productivity growth … technological innovation to raise labor productivity. This paper identifies three reasons why technological innovation has become …