a large increase in post-displacement employment in the temporary work sector after the reforms. Sorting into worse … wage loss. Collectively, the sorting and matching channels explain almost all of the Hartz reforms' effect on post-displacement …

costs influence insider wages and outsiders' opportunities and how these costs affect employment and unemployment. We also … address the more complex, and open, question of how employment and unemployment move through time, in response to labor market …

historically focussed on reducing unemployment (the tip of the iceberg), the group of inactive people (below the waterline) is much … larger. Therefore, we point to the clear limitations of the unemployment rate as the (single) key macro-economic indicator of … the health of the labour market. A parsimonious dashboard approach utilising the unemployment-to-population ratio and the …

"recall") unemployment, those "employed but absent from work" for unspecified reasons, or not in the labour force while …

change in the unemployment rate. Many estimated effects are larger for males than females. Notably, strong evidence of … displacement (substitution away from slightly older non-subsidized workers) is not observed. However, there may be a small …

stock and flow data to understand key developments. We find dramatic changes in employment, unemployment and labour market …