fairness principles, namely equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty, into a joint measure of unfair inequality. Two … inequality. Second, average unfair inequality doubles when complementing the ideal of an equal opportunity society with poverty …

indicators, including social welfare, poverty, inequality, and mobility, and reviews some of its design shortcomings. The paper …

methods of measuring household welfare (and, accordingly, poverty and inequality) based on expenditures have not considered … aggregates. We use Georgia as a case study to compare these methods and assess impacts on poverty and inequality. The proportion … transportation costs can result in up to a 40% reduction in the measured poverty rate among remote-working households. …

This paper is intended to shed light on the extent of poverty in the Russian Federation. We present estimates of … poverty lines and poverty ratios derived from subjective questions used in a during data collection for a large household … panel (RUSSET). We estimate poverty using a subjective approach, where the level of the poverty line is derived using the …