; productivity ; financial constraint ; export ; technology frontier ; BEEPS …'s innovation and export activities, using unique firm survey data which provides direct measures for innovations and firm … export and innovation activities to become substitutes although they are generally natural complements. -- Innovation …

various dimensions of upgrading - learning, quality upgrading, technology adoption, and product innovation. The second part …

knowledge sector is bounded, as productivity increases, the economy moves from a "Solovian zone" where wages increase with … productivity, to a "Marxian" zone where the paradoxically decline with productivity. This is because as consumption of a given good … more unevenly distributed then productivity, technical progress always increases inequality. Redistribution from profits to …

commodity prices, openness induces the government to subsidize technological innovation in the developed country because … of the skilled is lower. - The productivity of unskilled workers is higher in the sector intensive in its use. - Skill …

present a simplified general equilibrium model inspired by Melitz (2003) with two sectors: one able to export and one "reserve … export expansion, this is not occurring at a large enough scale to be felt at the macro level. To seize the benefits of trade …, Egypt requires deeper business environment reforms to incentivize large export, labor-intensive sector growth and integrate …

rapidly raising productivity while making workers redundant. This paper explores the evidence for this view among the IT …-using U.S. manufacturing industries. There is some limited support for more rapid productivity growth in IT … expectations, is that output contracts in IT-intensive industries relative to the rest of manufacturing. Productivity increases …

innovation-friendly environment, resulting in a low export ratio given the small size of the country and its long-time EU …