This paper deals with the impact of electoral competition on politicians' outside earnings. In our framework …, politicians face a tradeoff between allocating their time to political effort or to an alternative use generating outside earnings … that politicians facing low competition have substantially higher outside earnings. -- Political competition ; outside …

In this paper we investigate the effect of family connections to politicians on individuals' labor market outcomes. We … on the part of politicians, the effect increases with politicians' clout and with the resources available in the …

measure connections between politicians and the universe of firms. To identify the causal effect of access to political power …

bargaining in Germany. Based on a simple bargaining model we derive our main hypothesis: In establishments covered by collective …

As from a political economy perspective, politicians often fail to implement structural reforms, we investigate if the … resistance to reform is based on the differences in the risk preferences of voters, politicians, and bureaucrats. Based on the … empirical results of a survey of the population in Germany, 175 members of the Federal German Parliament (Bundestag), and 106 …

The wage paid to politicians affects both the choice of citizens to run for an elective office and the performance of … sector, an increase in politicians' pay may change their mind. Second, if the reelection prospects of incumbents depend on … performance. Our results show that a higher wage attracts more educated candidates, and that better paid politicians size down the …