markets ; violence ; homicide ; mahogany ; Brazil … first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

We study a Force-down/Shoot-down intervention in Brazil that led cocaine traffickers to shift from air to river routes …. Using data on cocaine production, homicides, and the network of rivers in the Amazon, we provide evidence that violence …, during the same period, violence in these municipalities became more responsive to cocaine production in origin countries. We …

high rates of regional violence. But little quantitative evidence exists on the causal relationship between violence and … international emigration in this or any other region. This paper studies the relationship between violence in the Northern Triangle … of unaccompanied child migrants from these countries between 2011 and 2016. It finds that one additional homicide per …

Gun violence is a major problem in the United States, and extensive prior work has shown that higher temperatures … exacerbates the effect of temperature on violence. We use two identification strategies that exploit daily variation in … carry laws attenuate the temperature-homicide relationship. Additional results suggest that restrictions primarily decrease …

This paper studies the effect of female political representation on violence against women. Using a Regression … Discontinuity design for close mayoral elections between female and male candidates in Brazil, we find that electing female mayors … leads to a reduction in episodes of gender violence. The effect is particularly strong when focusing on incidents of …

; Brazil …

impact of in-utero exposure to local violence – measured by homicide rates - on birth outcomes. The estimates show that … exposure to violence during the first trimester of pregnancy leads to a small but precisely estimated increase in the risk of …, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence …

capital investments. Combining a number of large georeferenced administrative datasets from Brazil, we estimate the effect of … violence in the surroundings of schools has a detrimental effect on school attendance and on standardised test scores in math …