Analyzing a list of all Small Business Administration (SBA) loans in 1991 to 2009 linked with annual information on all …

decline in employment in recent months as well as declines in consumer spending. While lockdowns have pronounced effects on …

. Most firms revise downward their expectations for sales, orders, employment, and investment, while prices are expected to … the effects on factor demand and sales of the COVID-19 generated shocks. Credit-constrained firms also expect to charge …

The existential threat to small businesses, based on their crucial role in the economy, is behind the plethora of …

sector; the impacts of access to credit and other financial services; the impacts of business training; barriers to hiring …; and the distinction between self-employment by necessity and self-employment as a calling. The article devotes special …

to, the population, maintaining the viability of the economy despite lockdowns. Indeed, New Zealand's combination of … policy responses resulted in one of the world's lowest death rates, while the economy's economic loss was on a par with the … operations for many businesses and public sector agencies. This paper discusses the changes in the business environment in New …

Consumption surveys often record zero purchases of a good because of a short observation window. Only mean consumption …